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1 Berthollet, Claude-Louis
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 9 November 1748 Talloise, near Lake Annecy, Franced. 6 November 1822 Arceuil, France[br]French chemist who made important innovations in textile chemistry.[br]Berthollet qualified as a medical doctor and pursued chemical researches, notably into "muriatic acid" (chlorine), then recently discovered by Scheele. He was one of the first chemists to embrace the new system of chemistry advanced by Lavoisier. Berthollet held several official appointments, among them inspector of dye works (from 1784) and Director of the Manufacture Nationale des Gobelins. These appointments enabled him to continue his researches and embark on a series of publications on the practical applications of chlorine, prussic acid (hydrocyanic acid) and ammonia. He clearly demonstrated the benefits of the French practice of appointing scientists to the state manufactories.There were two practical results of Berthollet's studies of chlorine. First, he produced a powerful explosive by substituting potassium chlorate, formed by the action of chlorine on potash, in place of nitre (potassium nitrate) in gunpowder. Then, mainly from humanitarian motives, he followed up Scheele's observation of the bleaching properties of chlorine water, in order to release for cultivation the considerable areas of land that had hitherto been required by the old bleaching process. The chlorine method greatly speeded up bleaching; this was a vital factor in the revolution in the textile industries.After a visit to Egypt in 1799, Berthollet carried out many experiments on dyeing, seeking to place this ancient craft onto a scientific basis. His work is summed up in his Eléments de l'art de la teinture, Paris, 1791.[br]Bibliography1791, Eléments de Van de la teinture, Paris (covers his work on dyeing).Berthollet published two books of importance in the early history of physical chemistry: 1801, Recherches sur les lois de l'affinité, Paris.1803, Essai de statique chimique, Paris.Annales de Chimie.Further ReadingE.F.Jomard, 1844, Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de Claude-Louis Berthollet, Annecy.E.Farber, 1961, Great Chemists, New York: Interscience, pp. 32–4 (includes a short biographical account).LRDBiographical history of technology > Berthollet, Claude-Louis
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2 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing
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Berthollet, Claude-Louis, count — (1748 1822) chemist Born in Talloires, Claude Louis, count Berthollet was a chemist who made notable contributions to several areas of that discipline. He was educated at the University of Turin and, in 1785, proposed the use of chlorine as … France. A reference guide from Renaissance to the Present
Berthollet, Claude-Louis — ▪ French chemist Introduction born Dec. 9, 1748, Talloires, Savoy, France died Nov. 6, 1822, Arcueil central French figure in the emergence of chemistry as a modern discipline in the late 18th century. He combined acute experimental skills… … Universalium
Claude-Louis Berthollet — Claude Louis, comte Berthollet (* 9. Dezember 1748 in Talloires; † 6. November 1822 in Arcueil), war ein französischer Chemiker und Arzt. Claude Louis Berthollet … Deutsch Wikipedia
Claude-Louis Berthollet — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Berthollet. Claude Louis Berthollet … Wikipédia en Français
Claude Louis Berthollet — Claude Louis, comte Berthollet (* 9. Dezember 1748 in Talloires; † 6. November 1822 in Arcueil), war ein französischer Chemiker und Arzt. Claude Louis Berthollet Er forschte über Färbe und Bleichmittel ( … Deutsch Wikipedia
Claude Louis Berthollet — Claude Louis Berthollet. Claude Louis Berthollet (9 December 1748 – 6 November 1822) was a Savoyard French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804.[1] Contents … Wikipedia
Claude Louis Berthollet — (Talloires, Saboya, 9 de diciembre de 1748 †Arcueil, Val de Marne, Francia, el 6 de noviembre de 1822) fue un químico saboyardo. Junto a Lavoisier y otro … Wikipedia Español
Claude Louis Berthollet — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Berthollet. Claude Louis Berthollet Naissance 9 d … Wikipédia en Français
Berthollet, Claude-Louis, conde de — ► (1748 1822) Químico francés. Colaboró con Lavoisier en el establecimiento de la nueva nomenclatura química. Realizó estudios sobre el problema de las afinidades químicas … Enciclopedia Universal
Claude Louis Berthollet — (*Galloire, Eure et Loir, Francia, 9 de diciembre de 1748 †Arcueil, Val de Marne, Francia, el 6 de noviembre de 1822) fue un químico francés. Junto a Lavoisier y otros, concibió un sistema de nomenclatura química que es la base del sistema… … Enciclopedia Universal
Berthollet , Comte Claude-Louis — (1748–1822) French chemist Born in Talloires, France, Berthollet studied medicine at Turin and gained his MD in 1768. He went to Paris in 1772 where he began publishing chemical researches in 1776 and was elected a member of the Académie… … Scientists
